Датчики EnOcean с энергосбором: принцип работы, дальность и монтаж

Спецификация RF EnOcean

Frequency bands (regional):
  EU/EEA:     868.3 MHz (SRD band, 25mW ERP)
  North America: 902 MHz  (FCC Part 15.249)
  Japan:      928 MHz

Modulation:    GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)
Data rate:     100 kbit/s
Telegram length: 14 bytes (standard), up to 64 bytes (VLD)
Transmit power: ≤10 mW (10 dBm) typical

Range (line of sight):
  Indoor:     30 m (through 2–3 standard walls)
  Outdoor:    300 m (unobstructed)

Typical wall penetration:
  Plasterboard:   3–4 walls
  Brick (30cm):   1–2 walls
  Reinforced concrete: 1 floor (with repeater for 2+)

Правила размещения

Photovoltaic sensors:
  Orient solar cell toward window or primary light source
  Avoid north-facing walls in high-latitude installations
  Minimum 200 lux ambient to maintain transmission interval
  Do not mount in cupboards, behind furniture, or in ducts

Metal surfaces:
  Minimum 20 cm clearance from large metal surfaces
  Metal acts as RF reflector — causes multipath interference
  Electrical distribution panels: mount gateway outside steel enclosure
  Flush-mounted in metal back-box: use surface-mount version instead

868 MHz interference sources:
  Other SRD 868 MHz devices (alarms, DALI emergency systems)
  Density limit: EnOcean specifies max 10 transmitters per 10m²
  for reliable collision-free operation at 30s transmission interval
  Use EnOcean Repeater (e.g. Eltako FRP2) to extend range
  — do not cascade more than 2 repeaters (introduces latency)

Последовательность обучения (4BS датчики, например A5-04-01)

1. Place receiver/gateway in learn mode
   (ETS6 parameter, or physical learn button on standalone receiver)
   Learn mode window: typically 60 seconds

2. On the sensor: activate teach-in telegram
   — Hold learn button until LED flashes (3–5 seconds typical)
   — Or press button 3× rapidly (model-dependent)
   — The teach-in telegram contains sender ID + EEP code

3. Gateway confirms receipt:
   — LED on receiver flashes green
   — ETS6 diagnostic: "New EnOcean device learned, ID: 0xABCD1234"

4. Assign EEP manually if not auto-detected:
   — Some gateways require manual EEP selection after learn
   — Weinzierl KNX ENO 634: EEP assigned per channel in ETS6

5. Verify with Fhem/openHAB or ETS6 group monitor:
   — Activate sensor (press button, cover PIR, change temperature)
   — Confirm telegram appears with correct decoded values

Rx sensitivity verification (optional):
   — Move sensor to intended installation position
   — Check signal strength in gateway diagnostics (RSSI in dBm)
   — Acceptable: better than -90 dBm for reliable operation
   — Below -95 dBm: consider repeater or reposition sensor

Уровни безопасности EnOcean

Security Level 0: No security (legacy devices, unencrypted)
Security Level 1: Rolling code only (no encryption, replay protection)
Security Level 2: AES-128 encryption, no rolling code
Security Level 3: AES-128 encryption + rolling code + MAC
                  ↑ Required for critical applications (access, alarms)

Security teach-in (Level 3):
  Uses Security Teach-In Telegram (SETT) containing:
    - 128-bit AES encryption key
    - Initial rolling code value
    - Private key (optional, for bi-directional auth)

  SETT must be transmitted in a secure environment
  (on-site during installation, not in the field)

  Once taught in, the receiver validates:
    - AES-128 decryption succeeds
    - Rolling code is strictly incrementing (no replay)
    - MAC matches payload